National Policy on the Rights of Populations Affected by Dams: Retroactive Application of the Law in the Cases of Mariana and Brumadinho
RETROACTIVE APPLICATION OF THE LAW IN THE CASES OF BRUMADINHO AND MARIANA
Abstract
This article investigates the National Policy on the Rights of Populations Affected by Dams (PNAB) and its retroactive application in the cases of the Brumadinho and Mariana disasters. The analysis explores how the policy can ensure compensations, reparations, and participation of affected communities in reparation processes that occurred before the legislation was enacted. Examining these emblematic cases, the study also addresses challenges in implementing the law and suggests ways to strengthen its effectiveness and promote social justice. Using a qualitative approach, the study evaluates specific cases and analyzes the practical application of PNAB, identifying challenges in execution and responses from impacted communities. The results highlight significant progress but also reveal gaps in implementation and the effectiveness of protective measures. It is concluded that achieving true social and environmental justice requires continuous improvement of PNAB, emphasizing effective participation of affected communities and strengthening oversight and compensation measures.
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